Rembrandt
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Leida, 15 luglio 1606 Amsterdam, 4 ottobre 1669) fu un pittore e incisore olandese.
Viene generalmente considerato come uno dei più grandi pittori della storia dell'arte europea e il più importante di quella olandese. Il suo periodo di attività coincide con quello che gli storici definiscono l'età dell'oro olandese. Dopo aver ottenuto un grande successo fin da giovane come pittore ritrattista, i suoi ultimi anni furono segnati da tragedie personali e difficoltà economiche. I suoi disegni e dipinti furono popolari già durante la sua vita, la sua reputazione rimase alta e per vent'anni fu maestro di quasi tutti i più importanti pittori olandesi. I più grandi trionfi creativi di Rembrandt sono evidenti specialmente nei ritratti dei suoi contemporanei, nei suoi autoritratti e nelle illustrazioni di scene tratte dalla Bibbia. Sia nella pittura che nella stampa egli esibì una completa conoscenza dell'iconografia classica che modellò per adattarla alle proprie esigenze. Così, la rappresentazione di scene bibliche era costituita dalla sua conoscenza dei relativi testi, dall'influenza delle tematiche classiche e dall'osservazione della popolazione ebrea di Amsterdam. Per la sua comprensione della condizione umana, inoltre, fu definito "uno dei grandi profeti della civiltà". |
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Tra le più importanti caratteristiche della sua arte ci sono l'uso del chiaroscuro e il sapiente e scenografico sfruttamento della luce e delle ombre derivato da Caravaggio, ma adattato per i suoi scopi personali, l'abilità di presentare i soggetti in modo teatrale e realistico senza il rigido formalismo spesso presente negli artisti suoi contemporanei ed un'evidente e profonda compassione per l'uomo, senza preoccuparsi della sua ricchezza o età.
Inserì spesso i suoi parenti più stretti - la moglie Saskia, il figlio Titus e la seconda compagna Hendrickje - nei suoi dipinti, molti dei quali a soggetto mitologico, biblico o storico, dando le loro sembianze ai personaggi principali.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15, 1606 October 4, 1669) was a Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history and the most important in Dutch history. His contributions to art came in a period that historians call the Dutch Golden Age.
Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, his later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardship. Yet his drawings and paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist remained high and for twenty years he taught nearly every important Dutch painter. Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified especially in his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible. The self-portraits form a unique and intimate biography, in which the artist surveyed himself without vanity and with the utmost sincerity.
In both painting and printmaking he exhibited a complete knowledge of classical iconography, which he molded to fit the requirements of his own experience; thus, the depiction of a biblical scene was informed by Rembrandt's knowledge of the specific text, his assimilation of classical composition, and his observations of the Jewish population of Amsterdam. Because of his empathy for the human condition, he has been called "one of the great prophets of civilization."
Among the more prominent characteristics of his work are his use of chiaroscuro, the theatrical employment of light and shadow derived from Caravaggio, or, more likely, from the Dutch Caravaggisti, but adapted for very personal means. Also notable are his dramatic and lively presentation of subjects, devoid of the rigid formality that his contemporaries often displayed, and a deeply felt compassion for mankind, irrespective of wealth and age. His immediate family — his wife Saskia, his son Titus and his common-law wife Hendrickje — often figured prominently in his paintings, many of which had mythical, biblical or historical themes.
Inserì spesso i suoi parenti più stretti - la moglie Saskia, il figlio Titus e la seconda compagna Hendrickje - nei suoi dipinti, molti dei quali a soggetto mitologico, biblico o storico, dando le loro sembianze ai personaggi principali.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15, 1606 October 4, 1669) was a Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history and the most important in Dutch history. His contributions to art came in a period that historians call the Dutch Golden Age.
Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, his later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardship. Yet his drawings and paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist remained high and for twenty years he taught nearly every important Dutch painter. Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified especially in his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible. The self-portraits form a unique and intimate biography, in which the artist surveyed himself without vanity and with the utmost sincerity.
In both painting and printmaking he exhibited a complete knowledge of classical iconography, which he molded to fit the requirements of his own experience; thus, the depiction of a biblical scene was informed by Rembrandt's knowledge of the specific text, his assimilation of classical composition, and his observations of the Jewish population of Amsterdam. Because of his empathy for the human condition, he has been called "one of the great prophets of civilization."
Among the more prominent characteristics of his work are his use of chiaroscuro, the theatrical employment of light and shadow derived from Caravaggio, or, more likely, from the Dutch Caravaggisti, but adapted for very personal means. Also notable are his dramatic and lively presentation of subjects, devoid of the rigid formality that his contemporaries often displayed, and a deeply felt compassion for mankind, irrespective of wealth and age. His immediate family — his wife Saskia, his son Titus and his common-law wife Hendrickje — often figured prominently in his paintings, many of which had mythical, biblical or historical themes.